Marketing+PC15

=**Chapter 1**= The first chapter of //The Big Push// is about the Makings of Pop Culture. This chapter talks about where we see advertisements like on billboards, posters, and even in games, movies, and TV shows. It also talks about how, us kids, wear our preferred logos at school and in public, and if we go on the internet we are bombarded with banner ads and links for other products. All of these ads that we see are ways of promoting a product. Ads help pay for things like websites while also promoting the product they are trying to sell. A young man named Justin Bieber became viral through singing. He became a star of Pop culture. To get Justin more known things like magazines, TV shows, and other forms of entertainment started talking about him. Once Bieber was famous consumers like fan-girls would buy his songs and clothing lines. Pop culture came along through our own decisions. We are the people who said they liked these things and helped promote them. Things such as fan sites, message boards, and social networking sites helped to popularize pop culture.

=**Chapter 2**= The second chapter of //The Big Push// is about Advertising's Influence. Advertising is intertwined in the world of pop culture. Advertising is anything that is used to promote a product or persuade someone to buy something. Actors and singers promote themselves by talking on late-night talk shows. Singers also tour around the world to promote their songs and albums. Advertising can be very easy to spot and also very sneaky. Easy advertisements to spot are things like commercials for snacks and cars during a TV show. Harder things to spot are called product placement. Product placement is when companies pay movie producers and TV show producers to use their product in it. One example of this is in the movie __Man of Steel__. In one scene of this movie Superman is thrown into an iHop. Advertising has been around for a long time. The first ads began appearing in newspapers in the 1700s and by the 1920s full-service advertising agencies were developing. In today's world advertising has become more and more pervasive. Although most companies buy spots for their ads to go, some places sell ad spots. This is one of the main reasons newspaper business stay open. There are also some social networking websites that allow you to create an advertisement and share it to the whole website. Facebook is one of the companies that allows you to do this. When a video, game, or other piece of content spreads rapidly, it is considered as "going viral". Most companies try to create things that go viral because it does not cost a lot but can be very effective.

=**Chapter 3**= The third chapter of //The Big Push// is about How Advertising Works. Advertising companies have figured out many tricky ways to get peoples attention. Ads use techniques to persuade people to purchase a product. Some ways these companies do this is not tricky though. They will tell you how their product works, what it does, or how much it costs. Ads also can involve slogans, a brief attention-getting phrase used in advertising, like Nike's "Just do it". Slogans can help a company so much if it is made correctly. It has to be something that is catchy and short. People don't want to say a long slogan or one that they cant remember. Another example of a slogan that is very well known is McDonald's "I'm lovin' it," and Coca-Cola is known for "It's the real thing." Another way that ads get people's attention is by making something that appeals to emotions. Advertisers try to appeal to as many senses as possible. Restaurants use close ups of food to get you to want it. Sound is also a powerful thing to use in advertisements especially on TV. Advertisers try to make a sound that will stick in your head. Pepsi was one of the first big companies to use a jingle in their product advertisements. Another tool advertisers use is interactive ads. These are ads that involve popular products. McDonald's has a game where kids can create a character and take them places. This ad is effective because it tells kids that if they get a Happy Meal then they can use new features. This drives kids to ask to get Happy Meals which in turn gives McDonald's money.

=**Chapter 4**= The fourth chapter of //The Big Push// is about Targeted Messages. Most ads are directed to a certain group of people. This could mean the ad is speaking to teenagers, mothers, seniors, and even different age groups. When an advertiser creates a target audience they create a advertisement that relates to the target audience. For example Budweiser would not show their advertisement on a kids channel. Most advertisers are aiming their products towards teens and tweens. They will make hype commercials and ads so they grab the attention of kids. By the year 2020 the U.S. Census Bureau says there will be about 23 million tweens-kids between the ages of 8 and 12. Over the years, the interest of a tween and teen changes. When people continue to buy a certain brand, it is called brand loyalty. Companies want to build a bond with young customers so they continue to buy their product.

=**Chapter 5**= The last chapter of //The Big Push// is about the Power of Celebrity. Ever since music and TV have been around celebrities have influenced all of us. Before Justin Bieber turned fans into "Beliebers" the Beatles were igniting Beatlemania. Technology has only increased the presence of celebrities in our lives. They show up in magazines, on blogs, and news reports. For many years celebrities have been making more money through endorsements. Endorsements are the recommendations of products, often in exchange for money. Advertisers use endorsements to get viewers' attention. When someone sees a celebrity they recognize they will pay attention to the ad. Another way companies gain exposure is by paying celebrities to wear their product. When this happens people will take pictures of the celebrity and post it online. When the image appears online people see it and recognize the clothing line. Companies sometimes create or license characters to sell products. For example when manufacturers make //Cars// character Lightning McQueen toys Disney receives money. Some characters can also target the wrong audience. In 1997 Joe Camel was introduced to the cigarette brand. Small kids started to recognize the product because of the camel.