Science+Fair+Literature+Review+VKA

Literature Review with in-text citations

Time. It has been with us throughout all of history. We have known its presence since 3500 B.C., in the time of Mesopotamia ( Koscielniak, Bruce ). This should not only explain what time is and when we have used it, but this should explain an item we have used to track it: Clocks. Clocks have also been with us since Mesopotamian times as well. We will be talking about the 2 oldest and well known clocks in history: the sundial, and the analog clock.

Time is a dimension which events can be organized or predicted in the past, the present, or the future( Ward-Thompson, Derek, and Patrick Moore). To other people time is a big ball of timey-wimey, wibbly-wobbly…stuff. In the end, time matters to all of us. Time has been a subject of study in religion, philosophy, and science for a very long time. Time is also one of the seven fundamental physical quantities in the International System of Units. Time is used to define other quantities like velocity and speed ( Stern, David P.) . Time is all around us. We need it to keep the measurements of our day(s), track down how long something is supposed to be, or to be precise. It tells us when to wake up, and when to go to sleep by the day and moon cycle ( Fenton, James). These cycles have been discovered by the Mesopotamians, around the time of 3500 B.C. They used the day cycle for morning to evening, and the moon cycle for evening to morning. The Egyptian God, Thoth, was the one that created a way to track time. He created a large, stone pillar, pointing up towards the sky. A shadow then formed when the sun shone on the pillar, creating a clock hand ( Herrick, Jack, and Travis Derouin) . Thoth then made a Egyptian worker make 12 makers around the pillar in a circle. The shadow was able to reach each marker, being able to tell the time of 12 hours of day, and 12 hours of night. Thoth then gave this invention a name: Sundial.( Koscielniak, Bruce)

=Works Cited =

Fenton, James. Florida Solar Energy Center. Florida Solar Energy Center, 2007. Web. 02 Oct. 2013. <[]>.
 * This is the 4th website to help me make a sundial. This is a good source because the Florida Solor Energy Center researches lots of stuff on space and the sun most likely.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Herrick, Jack, and Travis Derouin. "How to Make a Sundial." WikiHow. Ed. Chris Hadley and Thom Scher. Wikimedia Foundation, 15 Jan. 2005. Web. 25 Sept. 2013. <[]>.
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">This website is wikihow.com, there that is how I learned how to make a sundial. This website is ran by professionals because it has 225k followers on Google+. Plus this website has been around for 8-9 years.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;">Koscielniak, Bruce. //<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;">About Time: A First Look at Time and Clocks //<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;">. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2004. Print.


 * This was my book source on clocks and time. It was very helpful because it taught me about all sorts of clocks and how they kept track of time.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Stern, David P. "(2a) The Sundial." The Sundial. Nasa, 23 Mar. 2005. Web. 25 Sept. 2013. <[]>.
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">This is another website that helped me learn how to make a sundial. This website is obviously ran by professionals because it it a government website and it is ran by NASA.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Ward-Thompson, Derek, and Patrick Moore. "Make Your Own Sundial." Society for Popular Astronomy -. Ed. Ian Robson. Trans. Guy Fennimore. Society for Popular Astronomy, n.d. Web. 01 Oct. 2013. <[]>.
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">This is the 3rd website that helped me figure out how to make different kinds of sundials. This site is ran by 2 professionals named Professor Derek Ward-Thompson, and the pre-founder Sir Patrick Moore. These 2 have been studying astronomy for their entire lives.