Science+Fair+DV


 * Purpose:** To determine which rubber band is stronger in different temperatures.


 * Hypothesis:** If you put the rubber band in the cold, then it will be stronger than the rubber band in the sun.

NOTES:
//**Source 1: Coldness**// If you drop a piece of rubber in liquid nitrogen, (where the liquid nitrogen doesn't boil that fast), then the rubber will be frozen. The rubber will get hard and brittle. When you say  'freeze' you mean the formal definition, which is to form actual crystals, as water does when it freezes, then the rubber won't freeze. When you drop the rubber into the liquid, the liquid will boil off very quickly for a while. It's because heat will flow straight from the rubber into the liquid.

[] It's true because it was made by Danielle Cook, B.S., Bio-engineering Graduate Student, MIT, Boston

//**Source 2: Heat**//

When you heat up a rubber band, it becomes tougher (you can stretch it a little more before it breaks and it's easier to stretch).
====When you cool it, it becomes less tough, but stronger. An example of this is a liquid nitrogen experiment. If you put things, like marshmallows and rubber bands into liquid nitrogen, they become very cold. When you go to squeeze them lightly, they won't break because they are very hard, but if you drop them or squeeze too much, they will crumble because they are not tough.====

[]
This site is valid because it comes from the // CHEMICAL DEMONSTRATIONS: A Handbook for Teachers of Chemistry //, Volume 1, by Bassam Z. Shakhashiri, The University of Wisconsin Press, 2537 Daniels Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53704.

What is rubber made of? []

What is a rubber band? []

How rubber works? []

Rubber Polymers []

=Work Cited=

E., Andy. "Science Project." //Science Project //. N.p., 2001. Web. 24 Sept. 2013. . 
 * This is a valid source because the boy did the experiment before and found useful resources.

Freudenrich, Craig C. "How Rubber Works." //HowStuffWorks //. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Sept. 2013. .
 * Craig C. Freudenrich, Ph.D. is a freelance science writer and former senior editor at HowStuffWorks. He earned a B.A. in biology from West Virginia University and a Ph.D. in physiology from the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine before completing eight years of postdoctoral research at Duke University Medical Center.

 McNeil, Anne J. "ASK! Options." //CCMR //. N.p., 4 Jan. 2006. Web. 25 Sept. 2013. <http://www.ccmr.cornell.edu/education/ask/?quid=950>.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;">Shakhashiri, Bassam Z. "Rubber Bands and Heat." //<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;">Rubber Bands and Heat //<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;">. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Sept. 2013. <http://scifun.chem.wisc.edu/homeexpts/rubberband.html>. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;">Thomas, R. & Sydenham, S. "Rubber." //<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;">Rubber //<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;">. N.p., Aug. 2013. Web. 25 Sept. 2013. <http://www.kidcyber.com.au/topics/rubber.htm>.
 * This is a valid site because it was made by Scientist Anne J. McNeil, Post-doctoral Researcher and MIT, Department of Chemistry. Her research area is Organic and Polymer Chemistry
 * This is a valid source because it comes from the CHEMICAL DEMONSTRATIONS: A Handbook for Teachers of Chemistry, Volume 1, by Bassam Z. Shakhashiri, The University of Wisconsin Press, 2537 Daniels Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53704.


 * They based their info HowStuffWorks which was created by Craig C. Freudenrich, Ph.D.

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