Science+Fair+OJ2

My science fair topic is measuring sugar content in a liquid only using a laser pointer.

My hypothesis: If there is more sugar in the liquid being tested, then the laser will refract more than regular water.

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[] This website provides the history of Snell's Law
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//**NOTES:**//

 * Snell's Law**

Snell's law measures the index of refraction, incidence, speed of light in certain mediums, finds out the identifies unknown substances, and also identifies its density.

Snell's law is defined as **'n1 sin θ1 = n2 sin θ2' **


 * Where **n1 ** is the index of refraction for the first material. (ratio)
 * **θ1 ** is the angle of incidence. (degrees or radians)
 * **n2 ** is index of refraction for material 2 (ratio)
 * **θ2 ** is the angle of refraction.

It's used to measure the speed of light in a material, such as..:
 * Vacuum: 1.00000
 * Air: 1.00029
 * Water: 1.33
 * Ice: 1.31
 * Regular glass: 1.52
 * Cooking oil: 1.53
 * Heavy glass: 1.65
 * Sapphire: 1.77
 * Diamond: 2.42

It was discovered in 1621 by Willeborord van Roijen Snell, who was a dutch astronomer that also went under the name of Snellius. His equation wasn't published until Christiaan Huygens, a dutch mathematician, mentioned it.

Refraction is the bending of light, measuring light passing through a media uses Snell's Law. Light can either refract normally or abnormally. The main focal point for Snell's Law is how much light refracts, what direction it bends. Light will refract depending on what angle it enters, where it enters and where it exits. Snell's Law applies to any light in any situation, regardless on the medias the light's passing through.

Refraction is bending of a wave as it passes through one material to another. Depending on what media light passes through, the speed will ultimately change, and this change will make the waves refract when light passes through.

The amount of refraction is related to the indices of refraction called Snell's Law. Both the angle of incidence and index of refraction is measured by a line perpendicular to the surface the light hits onto the surface.

Light bends away from the point of origin if it travels to a higher medium to a lower medium. As the angle of incidence increases, so does the angle of refraction. When the angle of refraction is 90 degrees is or more, total internal reflection occurs. The angle of incidence is a critical angle in this phenomenon, but there is no set angle for it, mainly because the amount of objects is too large that have specific indices of refraction.

=**Works Cited **=

Khan, Sal. "Snell's Law Example | Waves and Optics |Khan Academy." //Khan Academy //. Khan Academy, 20 Feb. 2011. Web. 25 Sept. 2013. .


 * Example equations and Material Refraction reference.

"Measuring Sugar Content of a Liquid with a Laser Pointer." //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5;">Measuring Sugar Content of a Liquid with a Laser Pointer //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5;">. Science Buddies, n.d. Web. 24 Sept. 2013. <http://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/project_ideas/Phys_p028.shtml>.


 * This website is hosted by experienced teachers.

"Snell's Law." // Math Images RSS //. Math Forum, n.d. Web. 03 Oct. 2013. <http://mathforum.org/mathimages/index.php/Snell's_Law>.


 * This website is full of information used to solve various equations

"Snell's Law (physics)." //Encyclopedia Britannica Online//. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 01 Oct. 2013. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/550450/Snells-law>.


 * Its a website run by professionals,and is also published as an encyclopedia.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;">"Snell's Law." //<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;">Snell's Law //<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;">. The Physics Classroom, n.d. Web. 24 Sept. 2013. <http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/refrn/U14L2b.cfm>.


 * This website is run and made by high school teachers for their students