Latino+Essay+WP

=Latinos in History= =Resources=
 * Scholastic - Latinos in History
 * FactMonster.com
 * [|Wikipedia]

=Narcís Monturiol i Estarriol = =Essay= By: Wood P

Narcis Monturiol i Esarriol, born September 28th is the inventor of the first powered submarine. This submarine was called Ictineo II because it was the second version of the submarine he created several years before that was man powered. Narcís was born in Figures, Catalonia, Spain.(LOW-TECH MAGAZINE. ) Being the son of a cooper he knew how to build things from a young age. Narcis went to highschool in a town not far away from where he lived in the city of Cervera, Spain. He got a degree in law in Barcelona, Spain. He never actually used his law degree until later in his life. Narcis turned to writing, publishing, and being an inventor.(4)

In figuring out how to navigate underwater Narcis came up with the world’s first fully functional submarine named he Ictineo I.(3) The Ictineo was 23 feet long and was used to ease the harvest of coral. The reason he made it to help ease the harvesting of coral is that he saw a man die on the job one day from drowning.(5) Narcis's ultimate goal of the submarine was to make a tool that could reach the depths of the ocean safely and to be able to have people stay underwater for an extended period of time. The Icetineo I had its first dive in September of 1859. The submarines life lasted 50 dives with Narcis, his business partner, and a ship builder as it’s crew.(5) The top speed however was not very fast considering it was man powered. The Ictineo’s life was ended after a cargo boat ran into it while it was docked at the harbor.

After getting funding for the Ictineo II from the people of Spain and Cuba which ended up being 300,000 pesetas, Narcis set out with a plan to have this next sub be powered by an engine. When the steam powered engine was put in the Ictineo had a top speed of 4.5 knots.(1) The Ictineo had a hull that was lined with copper for extra strength. Sadly Narcis’s career came to an end when his company went bankrupt. Some similarities that both of these submarines had is that they were both wood, and were 23 feet in total length. Both submarines had a max depth of sixty-six feet and held enough oxygen for two hours underwater before needing to submerge.(2) The Ictineo II could go such long distances because of the steam engine and having a direct connection with the water. The Germans later used some of Narcis's work to build their submarines used by the Nazi's.(6)

After building submarines Narcis went to use his law degree as a member of the Constituent Asssembly of the First Spanish Republic. After that he went on to be the director of a stamp factory in Madrid.(3) After that Narcis went back to inventing and invented a continuous printer, a rapid-firing cannon, a system to improve the performance of steam generators, a stone cutter, a process for preserving meat, and a machine for making cigarettes. Forms of the inventions he have made are still being used today.(2)

All in all Narcis Monturiol is an important figure in Spanish history and also the world’s history for all the things we use everyday that he invented. When I chose this man I had never heard of him before. I think that it is important that more people learn about him because he invented one of the things that keeps our country safe and has been a tremendous help in the sciences to find out more about the planets oceans. In conclusion I think that everyone should learn about Narcis Monturiol’s life.

=Bibliography:= (1) Cargill Hall, R. (1986). //History of rocketry and astronautics: proceedings of the third through the sixth History Symposia of the International Academy of Astronautics, Volumen 1 //. NASA conference publication. American Astronautical Society by Univelt, p. 85. [|ISBN 0-87703-260-2] This is from Nasa so it is a good source.

(2) "LOW-TECH MAGAZINE." //'LOW-TECH MAGAZINE' // N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Apr. 2014.  This is a good magazine

(3)Stewart, Matthew (2003). //Monturiol's Dream: The Extraordinary Story of the Submarine Inventor Who Wanted to Save the World //. Profile Books Ltd. [|ISBN] [|1-86197-470-1] . This is a good source because it is a book.

<span class="reference-text" style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #252525; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;">(4) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 15.555556297302246px;">"Page Not Found." //<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 15.555556297302246px;">American Scientist Online //<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 15.555556297302246px;">. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Apr. 2014. http://www.americanscientist.org/ <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 15.555556297302246px;">This is a good site because the American Scientist is an Accredited organization.

(5) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 15.555556297302246px;">"History of Science 2010." //<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 15.555556297302246px;">: Narcís Monturiol I Estarriol //<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 15.555556297302246px;">. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Apr. 2014. <http://historyofscience2010.blogspot.com/2010/02/narcis-monturiol-i-estarriol.html>. This is a good website because it is used by Forbes